Using tools like SHELL, the predictive nature of emergent literacy skills can help teacher's better understand new techniques and performance standards at the elementary level (Snow). Finally, all the articles under review seem to stress that formative assessments are vital and should be regular. This does not need to become complicated, but instead, should just be a regular part of the day's activities. With this, the authors all seem to agree that younger children need writing to help them learn more about reading; and reading to help them learn about writing; thus, oral language training to help them learn about both. REFERENCES

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